The high rate of trial failures, increasing regulatory demands, and ethical imperatives all require a reexamination of the current approach to pediatric drug development. Biosimulation is a proven approach that will help optimize trial design and inform the drug label. This approach can support global regulatory strategies that increase the likelihood of success for pediatric drug development programs.
OBJECTIVE To describe plasma pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue elimination of flunixin in veal calves. ANIMALS 20 unweaned Holstein calves between 3 and 6 weeks old. PROCEDURES Each calf received flunixin (2.2 mg/kg, IV, q 24 h) for 3 days. Blood samples were collected from all calves before the first dose and at predetermined times after … Continued
A 4-compartment permeability-limited brain (4Brain) model consisting of brain blood, brain mass, cranial and spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartments has been developed and incorporated into a whole body physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model within the Simcyp Simulator. The model assumptions, structure, governing equations and system parameters are described. The model in particular considers the anatomy and … Continued
One of the biggest challenges for the pharmaceutical industry is the high rate of drug attrition in Phase 2 clinical trials, which wastes significant amounts of money and time. The major reasons for this attrition are that either candidate drugs do not show efficacy or have unexpected toxicity, in turn implying that we did not fully understand the complexity of the biology the candidate drugs were designed to modulate.
Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) sits at the interface between pharmacometric modeling and simulation, and systems biology. It uses mathematics to describe biological processes. While pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to the drug, pharmacodynamics quantifies what the drug does to the body; the pharmacological response. QSP is a mechanistic modeling approach and an emerging technology, which mathematically integrates pharmacokinetics, pharmacological response and disease progress/modulation.
Staff writer Ron Rosenberg interviewed Piet van der Graaf, PharmD, PhD, vice president of quantitative systems pharmacology at Certara and former director of XenologiQ, a QSP consultancy.
Modeling of Phase 2 and literature data enabled a sponsor to provide the FDA with a convincing efficacy profile and avoid a costly Phase 3 trial.
An Alzheimer’s Disease modeling strategy provided a sponsor with rational basis to avoid placing a non-competitive dose into Phase 3.
Using PBPK modeling, researchers predicted multiple-dose exposure levels and optimized the design of a DDI study for a compound exhibiting auto-inhibition.
Physiologically-based modeling and simulation helped a drug sponsor anticipate the impact of smoking cessation on drug exposure levels and toxicity risk.
