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In Silico Prediction of Efavirenz and Rifampicin Drug-drug Interaction Considering Weight and CYP2B6 Phenotype Blog Post

This study aimed to test whether a pharmacokinetic simulation model could extrapolate nonclinical drug data to predict human efavirenz exposure after single and continuous dosing as well as the effects…

Systematic Review: Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Decision Rules for Venous Thromboembolism in Elderly Blog Post

Physicians committed to the care of elderly patients are challenged with the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE: deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) due to a higher incidence, co-morbidities masking…

The Difference Between Vd and Vss Blog Post

There are many terms used to represent volume of distribution, but two common ones are Vd and Vss. Vd is the apparent volume of distribution. It can be calculated using...

What is Shrinkage? Blog Post

In 2007, Mats Karlsson and Radojka Savic published a perspective in Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics titled "Diagnosing Model Diagnostics." In this article they examined the use of diagnostic plots to...

Sources of Interindividual Variability in IVIVE of Clearance: An Investigation into the Prediction of Benzodiazepine Clearance Using a Mechanistic Population-based Pharmacokinetic Model Blog Post

Prediction of metabolic clearance in extreme individuals rather than the ‘average human’ is becoming an attractive tool within the pharmaceutical industry. The current study involved prediction of variability in metabolic…

Is a Monte Carlo Simulation an Exotic Drink? Blog Post

The term “Monte Carlo simulation” is often used in the modeling and simulation literature with PK/PD analysis. When I was first exposed to this term, I was thoroughly confused and…

What is WinNonlin? Blog Post

A reader suggested that I write a similar post about WinNonlin. Great idea! Thank you! WinNonlin is a pharmacokinetic software package that has grown and evolved over the past 20...

What is the Difference Between Individual and Population PK? Blog Post

Pharmacokinetic analysis is often broken into two areas … “PK” and “population PK”. Sometimes the first term “PK” is also called “individual PK”. I’d like to demystify these two analysis…

Utility of Intersystem Extrapolation Factors in Early Reaction Phenotyping and the Quantitative Extrapolation of Human Liver Microsomal Intrinsic Clearance Using Recombinant Cytochromes P450 Blog Post

Reaction phenotyping using recombinant human cytochromes P450 (P450) has great utility in early discovery. However, to fully realize the advantages of using recombinant expressed P450s, the extrapolation of data from…

Casopitant: In Vitro Data and Simcyp Simulation to Predict In Vivo Metabolic Interactions Involving Cytochrome P450 3A4 Blog Post

[1-piperidinecarboxamide,4-(4-acetyl-1-piperazinyl)-N-((1R)-1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-ethyl)-2-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-N-methyl-(2R,4S), GW679769] has previously been shown to be a potent and selective antagonist of the human neurokinin-1 receptor, the primary receptor of substance P, both in vitro and in vivo, with good brain…

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