Armodafinil and Modafinil in Patients with Excessive Sleepiness Associated with Shift Work Disorder: A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Model for Predicting and Comparing Their Concentration-effect Relationships

Armodafinil, the longer lasting R-isomer of racemic modafinil, improves wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder (SWD). Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that armodafinil achieves higher plasma concentrations than modafinil late in a dose interval following equal oral doses.