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Month: February 2011

Poor Correlation between Urinary Excretion of the Principal Urinary Metabolites of Phenytoin and Absolute Oral Bioavailability Determined by a Stable Isotope Method in Epilepsy Patients

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The anticonvulsant properties of phenytoin (PHT) were discovered in 1938. Since then, it has been one of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs. It is slowly absorbed, extensively plasma protein-bound, exhibits a nonlinear, concentration-dependent pharmacokinetic profile, and has a narrow therapeutic range. We determined PHT bioavailability during steady-state therapy by 1) measurement of the two … Continued

Excretion of the Principal Urinary Metabolites of Phenytoin and Absolute Oral Bioavailability Determined by Use of a Stable Isotope in Patients with Epilepsy

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The anticonvulsant properties of phenytoin (PHT) were discovered in 1938. Since then, it has been one of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs. It is slowly absorbed, extensively plasma protein-bound, exhibits a nonlinear, concentration-dependent pharmacokinetic profile, and has a narrow therapeutic range. We determined PHT bioavailability during steady-state therapy by 1) measurement of the two … Continued

Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetic Model for Topotecan in Mice

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Topotecan is a chemotherapeutic agent of choice for the second-line treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer. In this article, we have developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to characterize and predict topotecan concentrations in mouse plasma and tissues. Single intravenous (IV) doses (5, 10 and 30 mg/kg) of topotecan were administered to male Swiss Webster mice, … Continued

Immediate Consequences of Cigarette Smoking: Rapid Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Diol Epoxides

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are among the likely major causative agents for lung cancer in smokers. PAH require metabolic activation to exert their carcinogenic effects, and one important pathway proceeds through a three-step sequence resulting in the formation of diol epoxides, which react with DNA to produce adducts that can cause mutations and initiate the … Continued

Meta-analysis of Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery

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A combination of general anesthesia (GA) with thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) may have a beneficial effect on clinical outcomes after cardiac surgery. We have performed a meta-analysis to compare mortality and cardiac, respiratory, and neurologic complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with GA alone or a combination of GA with TEA. Randomized studies comparing outcomes … Continued

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