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Over the last 15 years, the importance of drug transporters has become paramount for understanding drug absorption, distribution into tissues, and in particular, drug-drug interactions (DDIs). In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) is an approach to link in vitro systems to the human in vivo situation using algorithms and physiologically-based scaling factors. In this blog, I […]
Read MoreWatch this webinar with Nikunjkumar Patel, Oliver Hatley, and Matthew Harwood to learn how the latest updates in the Simcyp Simulator v17 will help provide insights that support developing safer, more effective medications.
Read MoreThe aim of this study was to derive quantitative abundance values for key hepatic transporters suitable for in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) within a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling framework. A meta-analysis was performed whereby abundance measurements, sample preparation method and donor demography were collated from literature. In order to define values for a healthy Caucasian population, […]
Read MoreTransporter mRNA and protein expression data are used to extrapolate in vitro transporter kinetics to in vivo drug disposition predictions. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) possesses broad substrate specificity; therefore, understanding BCRP expression-activity relationships are necessary for the translation to in vivo. Bidirectional transport of estrone-3-sulfate (E-3-S), a BCRP probe, was evaluated with respect to relative BCRP mRNA expression […]
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Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has arrived in prime time. This quantitative mechanistic framework, combining physiology with drug information and clinical trial design, has become an integral part of drug discovery and development. PBPK has also gained currency within industry and regulatory agencies. Its applications are numerous, including simulation of pre-clinical, healthy volunteer and special population […]
Read MoreOver the last 5 years the quantification of transporter-protein absolute abundances has dramatically increased in parallel to the expanded use of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) and physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK)-linked models, for decision-making in pharmaceutical company drug development pipelines and regulatory submissions. Although several research groups have developed laboratory-specific proteomic workflows, it is unclear if the large range of reported variability is founded […]
Read MoreRelative expression factors (REFs) are used to scale in vitro transporter kinetic data via in vitro-in vivo extrapolation linked to physiologically based pharmacokinetic (IVIVE-PBPK) models to clinical observations. Primarily two techniques to quantify transporter protein expression are available, immunoblotting and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Literature-collated REFs ranged from 0.4 to 5.1 and 1.1 to 90 for intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), respectively. The impact of using human jejunum-Caco-2 REFs for P-gp (REFiP-gp) and BCRP (REFiBCRP), […]
Read MoreTransporter proteins expressed in the gastrointestinal tract play a major role in the oral absorption of some drugs, and their involvement may lead to drug-drug interaction (DDI) susceptibility when given in combination with drugs known to inhibit gut wall transporters. Anticipating such liabilities and predicting the magnitude of the impact of transporter proteins on oral drug absorption and DDIs requires quantification of […]
Read MoreIn drug development, considerable efforts are made to extrapolate from in vitro and preclinical findings to predict human drug disposition by using in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) approaches. Use of IVIVE strategies linked with physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is widespread, and regulatory agencies are accepting and occasionally requesting model analysis to support licensing submissions. […]
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